Essential Omega 3 Fish Oil
(DEPA)
A rich source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
DESCRIPTION
DEPA, provided by Douglas Laboratories, contains a
marine lipid concentrate that has been processed by
molecular distillation. DEPA is an excellent source of
omega-3 fatty acids, providing eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA, 18%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 12%)
in their natural triglyceride form
FUNCTIONS
Typical diets in developed countries deliver large
amounts of saturated fatty acids and the
polyunsaturated omega-6 linoleic and arachidonic
acids and low levels of omega-3 fatty acids.
Throughout evolution, humans were accustomed to
diets providing roughly equal amounts of omega-6
and omega-3 fatty acids. However, during the last
200 years, the ratio of dietary omega-6:omega-3 fatty
acids increased from about 1:1 to 20-25:1. Leading
health professionals now recommend ratios between
4:1 and 10:1.
A healthy balance of dietary omega-6 and omega-3
fatty acids appears to be a prerequisite for normal
immune function. Dietary linoleic acid (18:2 omega-
6) is a precursor to arachidonic acid (20:4) which in
turn is a precursor for pro-inflammatory
prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and platelet
aggregating thromboxane A2. The omega-3 fatty
acids EPA and DHA provide a natural
counterbalance, because they serve as precursors for
the anti-inflammatory prostaglandins E1 and E3, and
decrease the formation of prostaglandin E2 and
thromboxane A2. Among other factors, sufficient
dietary levels of EPA, DHA and other omega-3 fatty
acids are also important in the regulation of normal
blood lipoprotein and cholesterol levels.
INDICATIONS
DEPA may be a useful dietary supplement for those
who do not consume enough oily fish and other
sources of omega-3 fatty acids in their diets to
receive desirable amounts of long chain omega-3
fatty acids.
FORMULA (#7980)
Each Softgel Capsule Contains:
Natural Triglyceride Marine
Lipid Concentrate ................................1,000 mg
Providing:
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) .....................180 mg
(18%)
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) ....................120 mg
(12%)
Plus gelatin, natural glycerin and water
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids .........................300 mg
Each Softgel Capsule Provides:
Calories.......................................................10.5
Protein ........................................... less than 0.5 g
Carbohydrates................................ less than 0.5 g
Fat (86% of calories from fat) .........................1 g
Polyunsaturated ............................................0.5 g
Saturated........................................ less than 0.5 g
Cholesterol.......................................................6 mg
SUGGESTED USE
Adults take 1 softgel daily or as directed by
physician.
SIDE EFFECTS
No adverse effects have been reported
STORAGE
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light.
Keep out of reach of children.
References
Albert CM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, Ajani UA, Carey VJ,
Willett WC, Ruskin JN, Manson JE. Fish consumption and risk of
sudden cardiac death [see comments]. Jama 1998;279:23-8.
Bougnoux P, Germain E, Chajes V, Hubert B, Lhuillery C, Le
Floch O, Body G, Calais G. Cytotoxic drugs efficacy correlates
with adipose tissue docosahexaenoic acid level in locally advanced
breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1999;79:1765-9.
Cerbone AM, Cirillo F, Coppola A, Rise P, Stragliotto E, Galli C,
Giordano M, Tremoli E, Di Minno G. Persistent impairment of
platelet aggregation following cessation of a short-course dietary
supplementation of moderate amounts of N-3 fatty acid ethyl
(continued on reverse)
Douglas Product Data
Laboratories®
esters. Thromb Haemost 1999;82:128-33.
Chin JP, Dart AM. HBPRCA Astra Award. Therapeutic restoration
of endothelial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: effect of
fish oils. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1994;21:749-55.
Chin JP, Dart AM. How do fish oils affect vascular function? Clin
Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1995;22:71-81.
Christensen JH, Christensen MS, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. Heart
rate variability and fatty acid content of blood cell membranes: a
dose-response study with n-3 fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr
1999;70:331-7.
Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E, Aaroe J, Toft E, Moller J,
Rasmussen K, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. Effect of fish oil on heart
rate variability in survivors of myocardial infarction: a double
blind randomised controlled trial. Bmj 1996;312:677-8.
Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E, Aaroe J, Toft E, Moller
JM, Rasmussen K, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. [n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids, heart rate variability and ventricular arrhythmias in
post-AMI-patients. A clinical controlled trial]. Ugeskr Laeger
1997;159:5525-9.
Christensen JH, Korup E, Aaroe J, Toft E, Moller J, Rasmussen K,
Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids in cell
membranes, and heart rate variability in survivors of myocardial
infarction with left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol
1997;79:1670-3.
De Caterina R, Endres S, Kristensen SD, Schmidt EB. n-3 fatty
acids and renal diseases. Am J Kidney Dis 1994;24:397-415.
de Deckere EA, Korver O, Verschuren PM, Katan MB. Health
aspects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and
marine origin. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52:749-53.
Emken EA, Adlof RO, Duval SM, Nelson GJ. Effect of dietary
docosahexaenoic acid on desaturation and uptake in vivo of
isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids by male subjects
[In Process Citation]. Lipids 1999;34:785-91.
Endres S, De Caterina R, Schmidt EB, Kristensen SD. n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids: update 1995. Eur J Clin Invest
1995;25:629-38.
Horrocks LA, Yeo YK. Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid
(dha) [In Process Citation]. Pharmacol Res 1999;40:211-25.
Rice RD. Secondary prevention in acute myocardial infarction.
Clinicians must promote value of diet containing oil-rich fish
[letter]. Bmj 1998;317:1153-4.
Roche HM. Unsaturated fatty acids. Proc Nutr Soc 1999;58:397-401.
Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease.
Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:560S-569S.
Spector AA. Essentiality of fatty acids. Lipids 1999;34:S1-3.
Supari F, Ungerer T, Harrison DG, Williams JK. Fish oil treatment
decreases superoxide anions in the myocardium and coronary
arteries of atherosclerotic monkeys. Circulation 1995;91:1123-8.
Takahata K, Monobe K, Tada M, Weber PC. The benefits and
risks of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biosci Biotechnol
Biochem 1998;62:2079-85.
Tremoli E, Maderna P, Marangoni F, Colli S, Eligini S, Catalano I,
Angeli MT, Pazzucconi F, Gianfranceschi G, Davi G, et al.
Prolonged inhibition of platelet aggregation after n-3 fatty acid
ethyl ester ingestion by healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr
1995;61:607-13.
Uauy R, Mena P, Valenzuela A. Essential fatty acids as
determinants of lipid requirements in infants, children and adults.
Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53 Suppl 1:S66-77.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Manufactured by
Douglas Laboratories
600 Boyce Road
Pittsburgh, PA 15205